ii‑V‑I in all major keys
The ii‑V‑I cadence is the backbone of jazz, pop turnarounds, and functional harmony. In major keys, ii is minor, V is major, and I is major.
How it works
Roman numerals describe chords relative to the key. In C major: ii = Dm, V = G, I = C. The motion ii → V builds tension, and V → I resolves it.
Cheat sheet
Click any key to open the cadence in Chord Progressor.
- C major: Dm – G – C · Open
- G major: Am – D – G · Open
- D major: Em – A – D · Open
- A major: Bm – E – A · Open
- E major: F#m – B – E · Open
- B major: C#m – F# – B · Open
- F# major: G#m – C# – F# · Open
- C# major: D#m – G# – C# · Open
- F major: Gm – C – F · Open
- Bb major: Cm – F – Bb · Open
- Eb major: Fm – Bb – Eb · Open
- Ab major: Bbm – Eb – Ab · Open
Note: the app displays enharmonic sharps for flat keys (e.g., Bb appears as A#).
Extensions and variations
In jazz, these chords are usually played as 7ths: ii7 – V7 – Imaj7. You can also chain cadences (ii‑V‑I‑VI) or use secondary dominants to tonicize a new chord.